Topic: For policy wonks...
Responsibility - Military Style
This is curious. The question about the abuse of prisons in Iraq (and it seems now Afghanistan and a whole lot of other places in what many are now calling our all-American gulag)? A few bad apples? Or a systematic problem? Who is responsible?
See Not Just Following Orders
I'm ashamed of the unit I once commanded.
James D. Villa, The Washington Post, Wednesday, May 12, 2004; Page A23
So who is this guy?
Oh.From 1989 to 1992 I commanded the 372nd MP Company, the Army Reserve unit from Cumberland, Md., that is at the center of the Abu Ghraib prison scandal. In the years since then, I've had an enduring affection for the unit and those who serve in it. Today what I feel is a sort of sickness, and shame at having been affiliated with the 372nd.
After a long discussion Villa comes to these conclusions -
Where does the buck stop? With the individual. Claim these were orders that had to be obeyed. Claim is was general policy in theater. Claim in was national policy. It doesn't matter. You are responsible for your own actions. They should have known better.... Various people, including the families of some of the soldiers in question, have said that the soldiers were not given appropriate training to run a detention facility and had inadequate support to do their jobs. While these statements may be true, in what Army field manual can one locate the section about stacking naked prisoners like cordwood, or affixing collars to their necks? Is special training needed to show a soldier that this sort of thing is contemptible and contrary to any standards of decency?
Further, it is no defense for MPs to claim that they were only following orders, that they were instructed to "soften up" prisoners to enhance subsequent interrogations. While battlefield intelligence gleaned from interrogations may prove invaluable and can save American lives, no officer, no sergeant, has the authority to direct a soldier to commit an atrocity or to violate the Geneva Conventions. While soldiers in a combat environment may face split-second decisions involving difficult moral choices, such was not the case here. We are confronted with picture after picture, story upon story, detailing systematic abuse and degradation by American MPs. We have a right to expect more from our military.
Those serving in Iraq, including the many reservists and National Guardsmen, deserve our respect and admiration. The men and women of our military who are serving in Iraq do so under terrible circumstances. They live each day with fear and danger, far from their families, deprived of the basic comforts of life. Their families suffer for their absence every day and each milestone missed -- a child's graduation, an anniversary, a loved one's birthday -- can never be reclaimed.
To minimize the egregious conduct of some members of the 372nd (and their superiors) dishonors those men and women who honorably serve their country. We must not, as some commentators have said, deem this to be soldiers "blowing off steam" and equate it to a fraternity initiation. To me, that sort of response dishonors those who strive each day to serve their fellow soldiers and complete their missions -- and who risk their lives to do so. A failure to condemn what is wrong is also a failure to recognize what is right -- and what our committed military men and women do around the world each day. Further, minimizing the conduct of these MPs by comparing it to the reckless and violent acts of the Iraqi insurgents is wholly beside the point. We must compare our actions to those of the men and women who have honorably served this country as soldiers, sailors, Marines and airmen. We must look to them, and to our own standards of conduct, and not to people who would wantonly kill and terrorize innocents. If our claim is merely that we are better than the terrorists, we leave a tenuous legacy for a budding democracy in Iraq.
But some are claiming that what happened at that prison and got into the photographs and MPG videos was, well, even if true, and no one disputes the evidence, probably justified.
Lost of folks are commenting on what Senator Inhofe from Okalahoma said in the hearings on the matter. "I'm probably not the only one up at this table that is more outraged by the outrage than we are by the treatment ... These prisoners, you know they're not there for traffic violations. If they're in cellblock 1-A or 1-B, these prisoners, they're murderers, they're terrorists, they're insurgents. Many of them probably have American blood on their hands and here we're so concerned about the treatment of those individuals."
A problem - our own government says in the Taguba report sixty percent of those detained in that particular prison were held there by mistake. That's the US Army talking. And if you look here we do seem to be dealing now with the International Red Cross data - the figure is more like seventy to ninety percent.
Senator Inhofe from Okalahoma seems to be claiming our Army and the INRC are just flat-out wrong, or perhaps that it doesn't matter. If you are arrested, you must be guilty. That, to him, is common sense. These are bad people who would kill all Americans if they got the chance. How does he know that? Well, otherwise they wouldn't have been arrested - and that's the proof. And thus, QED, they do not deserve kid glove treatment.
It seems the right and the left have different concepts of the basics of the law and fairness. Attorney General Ashcroft has the same sort of circular vision of the law.
Note to self: next cross-country trip, drive AROUND Oklahoma, not through it.
Ah well.
So what really happened?
An interesting summary of where this all stands can be found here from Robert Jeffers:
Well, yes. It is, isn't it?The story changes so fast you can't keep up with it.
They first learned about this when the "courageous" soldier took the pictures to his superiors. And the pictures were all "personal."
But then stories came out that the pictures were ordered by MI for "intimidation" purposes.
And the ICRC reported it had told the Admin. about these problems months ago.
And it was limited to a handful of "bad apples." Except the same thing happened in Afghanistan.
And the photos were staged, not "snapshots."
And they knew something was up in November, but they fixed it. But they were surprised by the allegations in January.
But no one knew about it. But everyone knew about it, because there was a breakdown in command.
But there was no breakdown. And the Geneva Convention has always applied.
Except when it hasn't.
And we've always followed it. Except when we didn't.
And we don't abuse prisoners. Except when we do. It's not "American." Except it is expressly sanctioned by military regulations. Except it can only be sanctioned by the DoD, because Rumsfeld keeps tight rein on everything.
Except he doesn't. Because this was authorized in Iraq, not in Washington. Except it couldn't have been, because Rummy runs a tight ship.
Except he didn't know. But don't call it "plausible deniability." Because there's a chain of command.
Except Rumsfeld doesn't know what it is. He only knows about the PR campaign he's been conducting since these photos went public.
But he isn't lying. He just doesn't know anything.
But it's okay. Because he's doing a great job.
Even though everything is a shambles.
The president last year when asked if we had enough troops on the ground in Iraq said yes, we did. We could take care of the bad guys - and said to the bad guys "Bring it on!" That fellow from Philadelphia was beheaded by these bad guys this week. So they are doing just that. But it would be unkind to suggest a connection between these two things. But one is tempted to be unkind here.
Then this... Colin Powell is now saying "...we kept the president informed of the concerns that were raised by the ICRC and other international organizations as part of my regular briefings of the president, and advised him that we had to follow these issues, and when we got notes sent to us or reports sent to us ... we had to respond to them, and the president certainly made it clear that that's what he expected us to do."
And he's saying too that Rice and Rumsfeld kept Bush "fully informed of the concerns that were being expressed, not in specific details, but in general terms."
Say what? Josh Marshall points out the obvious - Not only does that contradict what the White House and the president have said. It contradicts the testimony of one of Don Rumsfeld's principal deputies from only yesterday. [Tuesday, 11 May]
Let's see, the President and Rumsfeld are saying they really didn't know about these problems with the abuse of these prisoners who for the most part seem to have been mostly hapless folks caught in a broad round-up of whoever looked a little shifty and perhaps looked Islamic or something - so it wasn't THEIR fault - and when they found out, they did just the right thing.When asked by Sen. John Warner whether the ICRC's concerns had made their way to the Secretary's level, Stephen Cambone replied: "No, sir, they did not. Those reports -- those working papers, again, as far as I understand it, were delivered at the command level. They are designed -- the process is designed so that the ICRC can engage with the local commanders and make those kinds of improvements that are necessary in a more collaborative environment than in an adversarial one."
I've been hearing for days that the State Department at the highest levels (i.e., not a few lefty FSOs in the bureaucracy, but authorized at the highest levels) has been leaking like crazy against the civilian leadership of the Pentagon on this story.
And here we have it right out in the open. Powell isn't exactly saying the White House or the president is lying. What he's doing might fairly be described as walking up to the black board, writing out "2+2=" and then letting us draw our own conclusions.
And their own Secretary of State basically says, but says quite diplomatically, they're liars.
Cool.
Well, James D. Villa - who knows something about command - says yes, you can blame the individual soldiers for this. The Senator from Oklahoma says he's outraged if you do - because these folks we arrested did not deserve kindness and respect, if you follow his logic. Rumsfeld is still maintaining we are doing pretty much what we should - and has defended these military interrogation techniques, rejecting complaints that they violate international rules and may endanger Americans taken prisoner - after all, Pentagon lawyers had approved methods such as sleep deprivation and dietary changes as well as rules permitting guards to make prisoners assume stressful positions.
Well, define stress, Don. And Pentagon lawyers? Really?
The Committee on International Law of the New York City Bar Association did find that the American military's treatment of detainees and prisoners of war in Afghanistan, Cuba and Iraq violates international law -- and the compilers of the report say that the techniques employed by interrogators at prisons such as Abu Ghraib were "sanctioned by Pentagon political appointees."
Well, Don has his lawyers too. And his lawyers say there's nothing to see here, folks - move on.
Shall we?
Posted by Alan at 15:29 PDT
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